How does nitric oxide regulate blood pressure

Heat shock protein 90 mediates the balance of nitric oxide and superoxide anion from endothelial nitric-oxide synthase. Inhibition of superoxide generation from neuronal nitric oxide synthase by heat shock protein implications in NOS regulation. Loss of caveolae, vascular dysfunction, and pulmonary defects in caveolin-1 gene-disrupted mice. Reconstitution of an endothelial nitric-oxide synthase eNOS , hsp90, and caveolin-1 complex in vitro. Evidence that hsp90 facilitates calmodulin stimulated displacement of eNOS from caveolin Regulation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide production by the protein kinase Akt.

Molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase. The Akt1-eNOS axis illustrates the specificity of kinase-substrate relationships in vivo. Phosphorylation of threonine in endothelial nitric-oxide synthase coordinates the coupling of l -arginine metabolism to efficient nitric oxide production.

Activation of purified soluble guanylate cyclase by endothelium-derived relaxing factor from intrapulmonary artery and vein: stimulation by acetylcholine, bradykinin and arachidonic acid.

Elevated blood pressures in mice lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Hypertension in mice lacking the gene for endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor from cultured human endothelial cells inhibits aggregation of human platelets. The anti-aggregating properties of vascular endothelium: interactions between prostacyclin and nitric oxide.

Direct evidence for the importance of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in vascular remodeling. Nitric oxide modulates the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in cultured human endothelial cells.

Leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. Nitric oxide-generating vasodilators and 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells.

Inhibition by nitric oxide and nitric oxide-producing vasodilators of DNA synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Interferon-gamma inhibits proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells by nitric oxide generation. Advanced glycosylation endproducts block the antiproliferative effect of nitric oxide. Role in the vascular and renal complications of diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress in vascular disease: causes, defense mechanisms and potential therapies. Defective lung vascular development in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice.

Nitric oxide synthase modulates angiogenesis in response to tissue ischemia. Essential role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase for mobilization of stem and progenitor cells. Antiatherosclerotic effects of small-molecular-weight compounds enhancing endothelial nitric-oxide synthase eNOS expression and preventing eNOS uncoupling.

Ex vivo pretreatment of bone marrow mononuclear cells with endothelial NO synthase enhancer AVE enhances their functional activity for cell therapy.

Statin-induced improvement of endothelial progenitor cell mobilization, myocardial neovascularization, left ventricular function, and survival after experimental myocardial infarction requires endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Superoxide generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase: the influence of cofactors.

Oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin by peroxynitrite: implications for vascular endothelial function. Oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin leads to uncoupling of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase in hypertension. Oxidation of the zinc—thiolate complex and uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by peroxynitrite.

Tetrahydrobiopterin and nitric oxide: mechanistic and pharmacological aspects. Pteridine biosynthesis in human endothelial cells. Impact on nitric oxide-mediated formation of cyclic GMP. Regulation of nitric oxide synthesis by proinflammatory cytokines in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Elevations in tetrahydrobiopterin levels enhance endothelial nitric oxide synthase specific activity.

Supplemention with tetrahydrobiopterin suppresses the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Endothelial regulation of vasomotion in apoE-deficient mice: implications for interactions between peroxynitrite and tetrahydrobiopterin.

Tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial function in hypercholesterolemia. Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation by increasing nitric oxide activity in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus. Tetrahydrobiopterin enhances forearm vascular response to acetylcholine in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Role of l -arginine nitric oxide pathway in hypertension. Effects of l -arginine on forearm vessels and responses to acetylcholine.

Correction of endothelial dysfunction in coronary microcirculation of hypercholesterolaemic patients by l -arginine. Substrate supply for nitric-oxide synthase in macrophages and endothelial cells: role of cationic amino acid transporters. Purification and characterization of particulate endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthase from cultured and native bovine aortic endothelial cells.

Role of neutral amino acid transport and protein breakdown for substrate supply of nitric oxide synthase in human endothelial cells. The metabolism of l -arginine and its significance for the biosynthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor: cultured endothelial cells recycle l -citrulline to l -arginine.

Increased expression of arginase II in human diabetic corpus cavernosum: in diabetic-associated erectile dysfunction.

Increased arginase II and decreased NO synthesis in endothelial cells of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Arginase reciprocally regulates nitric oxide synthase activity and contributes to endothelial dysfunction in aging blood vessels.

Tetrahydrobiopterin-free neuronal nitric oxide synthase: evidence for two identical highly anticooperative pteridine binding sites. The CA mutant of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase is defective in arginine binding. Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine and incidence of cardiovascular disease and death in the community.

Association of plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine ADMA with elevated vascular superoxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling: implications for endothelial function in human atherosclerosis.

Impaired nitric oxide synthase pathway in diabetes mellitus: role of asymmetric dimethylarginine and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. LDL cholesterol upregulates synthesis of asymmetrical dimethylarginine in human endothelial cells: involvement of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases.

S-glutathionylation uncouples eNOS and regulates its cellular and vascular function. Addition of eplerenone to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor effectively improves nitric oxide bioavailability. Statin-sensitive dysregulated AT1 receptor function and density in hypercholesterolemic men.

Renin inhibitor aliskiren improves impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and protects against atherosclerotic changes. Effect of AT1 receptor blockade on endothelial function in essential hypertension.

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonism improves hypercholesterolemia-associated endothelial dysfunction. Increased NADH-oxidase-mediated superoxide production in the early stages of atherosclerosis: evidence for involvement of the renin—angiotensin system.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with quinapril improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Comparative effect of ace inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonism on bioavailability of nitric oxide in patients with coronary artery disease: role of superoxide dismutase.

More NO—no more ROS: combined selective mineralocorticoid receptor blockade and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition for vascular protection. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker ameliorates uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase in rats with experimental diabetic nephropathy.

Increased bioavailability of nitric oxide after lipid-lowering therapy in hypercholesterolemic patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibition promotes endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation through a decrease in caveolin abundance.

The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin activates the protein kinase Akt and promotes angiogenesis in normocholesterolemic animals. Improvement of nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors through attenuation of endothelial superoxide anion formation. A review of high-dose statin therapy: targeting cholesterol and inflammation in atherosclerosis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase in pulmonary alveolar macrophages from patients with tuberculosis.

Tissue expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase is closely associated with resistance to Leishmania major. Isolation and characterization of human esophageal microvascular endothelial cells: mechanisms of inflammatory activation. Regulation and function of inducible nitric oxide synthase during sepsis and acute inflammation. Characterization of heme-deficient neuronal nitric-oxide synthase reveals a role for heme in subunit dimerization and binding of the amino acid substrate and tetrahydrobiopterin.

Allosteric regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by tetrahydrobiopterin and suppression of auto-damaging superoxide. Nitric oxide synthases reveal a role for calmodulin in controlling electron transfer. Characterization of bovine endothelial nitric oxide synthase as a homodimer with down-regulated uncoupled NADPH oxidase activity: tetrahydrobiopterin binding kinetics and role of haem in dimerization.

Sensitivity of flavin fluorescence dynamics in neuronal nitric oxide synthase to cofactor-induced conformational changes and dimerization. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression by hydrogen peroxide. Electrochemistry of pterin cofactors and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase.

The role of tetrahydrobiopterin in the activation of oxygen by nitric-oxide synthase. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.

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The protective effect of L-arginine on myocardial injury and endothelial function following ischaemia and reperfusion in the pig. Related articles in Web of Science Google Scholar. Impacts of high-intensity exercise on the metabolomics profile of human skeletal muscle tissue. Targeting USP11 may alleviate radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating endothelium tight junction.

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The optimal strategy for multivessel coronary revascularization. Leadless vs. Looking for your next opportunity? Physician-Scientist Faculty Position. Infectious Disease Physician. Senior Clinician. Research investigating mechanisms involved in stress-induced hypertension have attracted much attention of physicians and researchers, however, there are still ambiguous results concerning a causal relationship between stress and long-term elevation of blood pressure BP.

Several studies have observed that mechanisms involved in the development of stress-induced hypertension include increased activity of sympathetic nervous system SNS , glucocorticoid GC overload and altered endothelial function including decreased nitric oxide NO bioavailability.

Nitric oxide is well known neurotransmitter, neuromodulator and vasodilator involved in regulation of neuroendocrine mechanisms and cardiovascular responses to stressors. Similarly, previous work with methionine loading, which also impairs resting endothelial function, does not influence maximal exercise capacity in humans. Indeed, NO has significant lusitropic effects, 20 which have recently been shown to be attributable to protein kinase G-mediated phosphorylation of titin.

However, no performance-related measure of exercise capacity was affected by NO blockade for example, VO 2 max and time to peak exercise.

The immediate recovery of HR from exercise has been attributed to the rapid reactivation of parasympathetic tone, 43 and notably impairments in HR recovery have been linked with mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. However, our observation that L -NMMA does not influence immediate postexercise HR recovery may suggest that NO does not have a significant role in the modulation of parasympathetic nervous system at this time in young healthy individuals.

However, the L -NMMA dosage used in the present investigation is similar to that used in several previous studies performed both at rest 46 , 47 , 48 and during exercise. An exaggerated BP response to exercise is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk even in individuals who are apparently normotensive at rest. The blood pressure response to dynamic exercise testing: a systematic review.

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