When was african union founded

The world has made remarkable progress against the MDGs — largely driven by strong economic growth in China and India and other countries which had seemed like hopeless cases — but with significant progress in a number of African countries too. That has only been possible because of the establishment of a virtuous circle of better governance and increased peace and stability, leading to stronger education and health systems supported by robust economic growth.

The OAU — essentially a club of unelected elites — became a more democratic institution, more focused on the well-being of its citizens and ready to intervene in cases of bad governance or a breakdown of peace and security. Fifty years on, it remains a work in progress, facing many challenges, including the consequences of climate change and the need to create jobs for a rapidly increasing and youthful population.

It identifies a number of challenges, including those above, and rightly concludes that the global community needs to address them together. And going back to the language of the Commission for Africa and High Level Panel Reports, Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn of Ethiopia, in his capacity as Chair of the AU, spoke of Africans in the continent and peoples of African descent in the diaspora sharing a common history and a common destiny.

That is all of us. Because the scientific evidence is now overwhelming that we are all of African descent, with Asians, Europeans, Americans, Pacific Islanders and all the rest of us coming from an extended family group of a few hundred people who crossed to the Arabian Peninsula from the Horn of Africa some 76, years ago.

So we do have a common history. Thus far, only 26 states have ratified the Protocol. The PSC includes fifteen member states and is tasked with maintaining and promoting peace and stability on the continent. The PSC is thus a tool for collective security, acting as a continental early warning mechanism for crisis response. The PSC is therefore responsible for determining the viability of peacekeeping missions and interventions in member states under Article 4.

Unlike its predecessor, the AU has taken initiative to promote democracy and good governance. Established as a means to correct the flaws in its predecessor, the AU has reconsidered its objectives to reflect the concerns of postcolonial Africa. The AU has thus shifted its focus paradigmatically from state-centric economic control towards the goal of inter-African trade with the inclusion of the private sector.

As an instrument of the AU, NEPAD was adopted in by African heads of state with the core objectives of poverty eradication, the promotion of sustainable growth and development, and the empowerment of women.

While a number of these goals, including the promotion of women, healthcare and universal primary education have improved, others, such as the reduction of poverty and hunger, have been slow to progress. Of particular import is Article 4 h and more recently, 4 j which allows for AU intervention under the circumstances of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, and affords member states the power to request intervention in order to restore peace and security.

However, while the legal framework exists, political will continues to hamper and drive calls for intervention. Nevertheless, the AU in partnership with international bodies such as the UN has made strides towards managing the multiple conflicts and insurgencies in Africa. The AU frequently sends observer missions to monitor elections in member states under the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Good Governance It has also, however — particularly with the inclusion of 4 j which allows member states to request intervention in their own state or in another — become point of contention as states struggle to relinquish their conceptual grip on sovereignty.

Per contra, the fact that member states may request AU intervention has attracted criticism that heads of state may waive the intervention flag in an attempt to maintain a hold on power in the event of civil uprising against repressive authoritarian regimes, or in an attempt to destabilise or force regime change in another state.

According to the PSC Protocol, a member state which is part of the PSC may not engage in decision-making or discussion on matters of intervention in that state. See Status. Visit the Education Center. On 9 September , the Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity issued the Sirte Declaration, calling for the establishment of an African Union, with a view, inter alia, toward accelerating the process of unity among countries of the continent, enabling it to better participate in the global economy and to better address social, economic and political problems.

Since , three summits have been held to facilitate the implementation of the African Union AU. The Lusaka Summit drew the road map for the implementation of the AU. In structure, the OAU began as one entity, whereas the AU, integrating itself with the African Economic Community and building other structures, consists of: the Assembly determines common policies ; the Executive Council coordinates and makes decisions on common policies ; the Pan-African Parliament implements policies ; the Court of Justice ensures compliance with the law ; the Commission the secretariat ; the Permanent Representatives Committee assists the Executive Council ; the Specialized Technical Committees assist the Executive Council in substantive matters ; the Economic, Social and Cultural Council; the Peace and Security Council makes decisions on prevention, management and resolution of conflicts ; and the Financial Institutions consisting of the African Central Bank, the African Monetary Fund, and the African Investment Bank.

The AU mandated the Council of Ministers to take the necessary measures to ensure the implementation of decisions and, in particular, to prepare the constitutive legal text of the Union, taking into account the Charter of the OAU and the Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community.

Under the Constitutive Act of the OAU, Article 9 mandates that the Assembly composed of OAU Heads of States and Governments, as the supreme organ of the union, with the power to monitor the implementation of policies and decisions of the union as well to ensure compliance by all Member States. The non-implementation of regulations and directives from the assembly shall attract appropriate sanctions.

Chairperson: H. The AU discussed topics such as free trade within Africa, issues of migration, and also expressed concern over the increasing amount of terrorism in some parts of Africa.

During the two day summit issues regarding nonproliferation, disarmament or arms control were not discussed. During the Summit issues regarding nonproliferation, disarmament, or arms control were not discussed. No issues related to nonproliferation or arms control were discussed. No issues related to disarmament or nonproliferation were discussed. Both France and the Russian Federation were in attendance, in addition to all of the African States Parties and various regional and international organizations.

The Assembly called on all states that had not yet done so to sign and ratify the Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty the Pelindaba Treaty and all concerned non-African states to sign and ratify the protocols to the treaty. Members of the twelve ACNE states addressed significant matters related to the operation and structure of the Commission, including procedural rules for its programs as well as the structure and scale of assessment of its budget.